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9
EQUINE MATTERS
Tetanus, or “lockjaw” is a highly fatal
infectious disease of all species caused by
the toxin of the bacterium
Clostridium tetanii
(figure 1)
. There is considerable variation
among animal species in susceptibility to
the disease, with horses being the most
susceptible.
Horses, ponies, mares, geldings, stallions
and foals are all at risk. There does not
appear to be any age predisposition.
The causal bacteria are commonly present in
the faeces of animals, especially horses, and
in the soil contaminated by these faeces. The
bacteria can survive in the soil for many
years. The factors which aid survival in the
soil are unknown.
The disease is not contagious, meaning it is
not spread from horse to horse. Infection of
the horse occurs through a penetrating injury,
usually to the foot or lower limbs
(figure 2)
.
Clinical signs develop as the toxin affects the
nervous system and most cases are fatal.
Colin Mitchell BVM&S CertEP MRCVS,
Advanced Practitioner in Equine Practice
Scott Mitchell & Associates, Hexham
Veterinary surgeon
Colin Mitchell
XLEquine practice
Scott Mitchell
Associates
TETANUS
Figure 2. Horses can become infected with tetanus via wounds
Tetanus
Introduction
Figure 1. Tetanus bacteria